I-Floating Solar Photovoltaics (FSPV) ubuchwepheshe lapho izinhlelo zokuphehla amandla elanga elanga (PV) zifakwa khona phezu kwamanzi, ngokuvamile asetshenziswa emachibini, emachibini, olwandle, nakwezinye izindawo zamanzi. Njengoba isidingo somhlaba wonke samandla ahlanzekile siqhubeka sikhula, i-solar entantayo ithola ukunakwa okwengeziwe njengendlela emisha yamandla avuselelekayo. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziya amathemba okuthuthukiswa kwamandla elanga antantayo kanye nezinzuzo zawo eziyinhloko:
1. Amathemba entuthuko
a) Ukukhula kwezimakethe
Imakethe yelanga elintantayo ikhula ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi kwezinye izifunda lapho izinsiza zomhlaba ziqinile, njenge-Asia, Europe kanye ne-United States. Umthamo welanga elintantayo ofakwe emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ukhule kakhulu eminyakeni ezayo. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwemakethe, imakethe yomhlaba wonke yamandla elanga antantayo kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele izigidigidi zamaRandi ngonyaka ka-2027. I-China, Japan, South Korea, India kanye namanye amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia angabasebenzisi bokuqala balobu buchwepheshe futhi benze imiklamo eminingana yokubonisa emanzini afanele.
b) Intuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwehliswa kwezindleko, amamojula antantayo elanga aklanyelwe ukuthi asebenze kahle, futhi izindleko zokufakwa nokugcinwa kwazo zincishiswa kancane kancane. Ukuklanywa kwamapulatifomu antantayo ebusweni bamanzi nakho kuvame ukuhlukahluka, ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza nokuthembeka kohlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo ezididiyelwe zokugcina amandla kanye nobuchwepheshe begridi ehlakaniphile bunikeza amandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwelanga elintantayo.
c) Ukwesekwa Kwenqubomgomo
Amazwe amaningi nezifunda zinikeza ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo yokuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, ikakhulukazi amafomu ahlanzekile anamandla afana nomoya kanye nelanga. Amandla elanga antantayo, ngenxa yezinzuzo zawo eziyingqayizivele, athole ukunakwa kohulumeni namabhizinisi, futhi uxhaso oluhlobene, izikhuthazo nokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo kuyanda kancane kancane, okuhlinzeka isiqinisekiso esiqinile sokuthuthukiswa kwalobu buchwepheshe.
d) Izicelo ezihambisana nemvelo
Amandla elanga antantayo angafakwa phezu kwamanzi ngaphandle kokuthatha indawo enkulu yemithombo yomhlaba, ehlinzeka ngesixazululo esiphumelelayo sezifunda ezinemithombo yomhlaba eqinile. Kungabuye kuhlanganiswe nokuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi (isb., amachibi kanye nokuchelelwa kwamachibi) ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi kugqugquzelwe uguquko lwamandla aluhlaza.
2. Ukuhlaziywa Kwezinzuzo
a) Ukonga izinsiza zomhlaba
Amaphaneli elanga endabuko asemhlabeni adinga inani elikhulu lezinsiza zomhlaba, kuyilapho izinhlelo zelanga ezintantayo zingatshalwa phezu kwamanzi ngaphandle kokuthatha izinsiza zomhlaba ezibalulekile. Ikakhulukazi kwezinye izindawo ezinamanzi amakhulu, njengamachibi, amathangi, amachibi endle, njll., amandla elanga antantayo angakwazi ukuzisebenzisa ngokugcwele lezi zindawo ngaphandle kokungqubuzana nokusetshenziswa komhlaba njengezolimo nokuthuthukiswa kwamadolobha.
b) Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuphehla ugesi
Ukukhanya okubonakala ebusweni bamanzi kungakhuphula inani lokukhanya futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kwamaphaneli e-PV. Ukwengeza, umphumela wokupholisa wemvelo wendawo yamanzi ungasiza imodyuli ye-PV igcine izinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukunciphisa ukwehla kokusebenza kahle kwe-PV ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kwesistimu.
c) Yehlisa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi
Indawo enkulu yamaphaneli elanga antantayo amboza amanzi anganciphisa ngempumelelo ukuhwamuka kwamanzi, okubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezingenawo amanzi. Ikakhulukazi emachibini noma ezindaweni zokuchelela emapulazini, i-solar entantayo isiza ekongiweni kwamanzi.
d) Ukuncipha komthelela kwezemvelo
Ngokungafani namandla elanga asemhlabeni, amandla elanga antantayo afakwe emanzini abangela ukuphazamiseka okuncane ohlelweni lwendawo ezungezile. Ikakhulukazi emanzini angafaneleki kwezinye izinhlobo zentuthuko, ilanga elintantayo alibangeli umonakalo omkhulu emvelweni.
e) Ukuhlukahluka
Ilanga elintantayo lingahlanganiswa nobunye ubuchwepheshe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele. Isibonelo, ingahlanganiswa namandla omoya asemanzini ukuze kudaleke amasistimu wamandla ayingxube akhulisa ukuzinza nokuthembeka kokuphehlwa kwamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izimo, amandla elanga antantayo nezinye izimboni, njengezokudoba noma i-aquaculture, nazo zinamandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa, okwenza "umnotho oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" wezinzuzo eziningi.
3. Izinselele nezinkinga
Naphezu kwezinzuzo eziningi zamandla elanga antantayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwawo kusabhekene nezinselelo eziningi:
Ubuchwepheshe nezindleko: Nakuba izindleko zamandla elanga antantayo zincipha kancane kancane, zisaphakeme kunezinhlelo zendabuko zamandla elanga asemhlabeni, ikakhulukazi kumaphrojekthi amakhulu. Kudingeka okunye okusha kwezobuchwepheshe ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokwakha nokunakekela amapulatifomu antantayo.
Ukuvumelana nezimo zemvelo: Ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside kwamasistimu elanga antantayo kudinga ukuqinisekiswa ezindaweni ezihlukene zamanzi, ikakhulukazi ukuze kubhekwane nezinselele zezici zemvelo ezifana nesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, amagagasi kanye nokubanda.
Izingxabano zokusetshenziswa kwamanzi: Kwamanye amanzi, ukwakhiwa kwamasistimu elanga antantayo kungase kungqubuzane neminye imisebenzi yamanzi njengokuthutha ngemikhumbi nokudoba, futhi kuwumbuzo wokuthi ungahlela kanjani ngokunengqondo futhi uhlanganise izidingo zezithakazelo ezahlukene.
Fingqa
Amandla elanga antantayo, njengendlela emisha yamandla avuselelekayo, anamandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinemithombo yomhlaba eqinile kanye nezimo zezulu ezivumayo. Ngokuqhubeka kwezobuchwepheshe, ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo kanye nokulawulwa ngempumelelo komthelela kwezemvelo, ilanga elintantayo lizoletha amathuba entuthuko amakhulu eminyakeni ezayo. Enqubweni yokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwamandla aluhlaza, amandla elanga antantayo azoba negalelo elibalulekile ekwahlukaneni kwesakhiwo samandla omhlaba kanye nentuthuko esimeme.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-24-2025